Wednesday, May 14, 2008

Best Tennis Racquet For Beginners



The Battle of Algiers _ Gilles Pontecorvo [Movie]



Biography of Gillo Pontecorvo _ Producer of The Battle of Algiers .


He was born in Pisa in 1919. During the second world war, while pursuing studies in chemistry, he worked as a journalist and messenger for the Italian Communist Party. He participates in a network of supporters and anti-fascist war took the name Barnaba. Once peace is signed, he became Paris correspondent for several Italian newspapers. Then he sees the film Paisa Rossellini and immediately abandons his profession as a journalist, bought a camera and began making short documentaries.

Gillo Pontecorvo think very quickly on a feature film the war Algeria. But he sees the day that three years after the end of hostilities, when Saadi Yacef, a former commander of Algerian troops, who became president of Casbah Films, he proposes the idea of a film based on his memories of combat. This will The Battle of Algiers (La Battaglia di Algeri ) in 1965.

"I am not a revolutionary at all costs. I'm just a leftist like many Italian Jews. "


Movie: The Battle of Algiers

Film Gillo Pontecorvo (Italy / Agere, 1965, 2h03mn, VOSTF)

Screenplay by Franco Solinas, based on a book by Saadi Yacef

Starring: Brahim Haggiag (Ali la Pointe), Jean Martin (Colonel Mathieu),

Saadi Yacef (El-Hadi Jaffar) Samia Kerbash (Fatima),

Fusi El Kader (Hassiba), Ugo Paletti (Captain), Kelif Sanaani (Omar Little)

Image: Marcello GattiMusique: Ennio Morricone, Gillo Pontecorvo

Producer: Antonio Musu, Saadi Yacef


A dramatic reconstruction of the struggles that opposed the FLN French army tour two years after Independence. A legendary film, banned in France at the time, which saw emerged triumphant in 2003 ... In a restored version and for the first time on television.


Ali Lapointe, hero


Aged 27 at the time of his death, Ali was born in the peak Miliana May 14, 1930 under the surname of Ammar Ali, he s' is made known player in Algiers as "chick-Tchicai" Bab El Oued.
Many items come in different attacks orchestrated by him and the boss of the Area autonomous and some news clippings about the famous explosion of 5, rue des Abderame stating that "Ali LaPointe did not jump, he was attacked in her tight marking by the Green Berets," notes the echo of Algiers. The target for the press at the time was clear: do not make a martyr who chose to blow themselves up rather than surrender. It was not to provoke desire to follow his example. But what the newspaper does not say is that "With him, it was untouchable, he had the strength, courage. The French were very afraid of him. If we found ourselves facing a roadblock, he was heading, it did not hesitate and he was not afraid. "


(Presentation of Ali Lapointe from 2: 36)




The journey of a cult film


Shooting:


Before ... This is well before the end of the events that Gillo Pontecorvo has the desire to make a film about the war in Algeria. His project is called then Paras. It is based on a survey that he and his co-writer Franco Solinas conducted in the Casbah, considered very dangerous for Westerners.


1964. Algeria had won its independence. Saadi Yacef fought to liberate his country and there he has created Casbah Films. He wants to set up a film recounting the years of struggle. He mounts a co-production between Algeria and Italy, and contact three Italian directors: Francesco Rosi, Luchino Visconti, Gillo Pontecorvo. The latter accepts, provided they have a range of views and complete artistic freedom.
Gillo Pontecorvo and Franco Solinas plunge in six months of intensive research: they search the police records, re-read the press at the time, questioning both veterans of the French troops as the Algerian revolutionaries. To all this must be added the personal memories of Saadi Yacef, he has written down in prison after being arrested by the French. The script took six months to Franco Solinas additional.

During ...
Gillo Pontecorvo obtained permission to film on the site of the Battle of Algiers, y-understood in the old headquarters of the French forces which sometimes dilapidated sets are reconstructed on site. The aim: to trace the exact geography of events. In the Casbah, the streets are so narrow that only cameras in the shoulder can be used. This constraint arises from the documentary style film. Anecdotally, it is said that during filming, the director continues to whistle the music he Ennio Morricone has composed with a heady mix of percussion, so he says, do not lose the rhythm of the film. Similarly
interpretation is it composed entirely of non-professionals, with one exception: John Martin, a stage actor marginalized after he signed a manifesto against the war in Algeria. For the role of Ali La Pointe, the head of the urban guerrilla, Gillo Pontecorvo discovered Brahim Haggiag, an illiterate peasant, in a market in Algiers. Saadi Yacef recreate on camera the role he played in life, the commander of the Algerian troops. Of thousands of extras, men, women and children of the Casbah, met for the crowd scenes.


1954. Ali, who is still a little ugly in the Casbah, engages in the independence movement. Playing the messengers between him and the FLN, a child explains his mission: he must kill a policeman. But it does not yet know that the pistol he was given is not responsible for: a test to prove his determination. (First video, from 06: 56)

Interview with John Martin, actor
After ...
1966. The French delegation boycotted the presentation of The Battle of Algiers at the Venice festival - the film walks away with the Golden Lion ... The government banned the film in France. Nominated for three Oscars (best foreign film, best director and best screenplay) change nothing.
1971. The film gets its visa operations in France. As a result of political pressure and threats of bombs, it is quickly removed from the screens.
2003. Why the Pentagon is interested Does the film?
The history of The Battle of Algiers rebounds August 27, 2003. As reveals an article in Le Monde dated September 8, 2003, the U.S. Pentagon has invited officers and civilian staff at a private screening of the film. According to the newspaper, "a ministry official, whose comments are reported anonymously by The New York Times on September 7, said that this film gives a historical view of the conduct of French operations in Algeria" and that his projection was intended to "provoke an informed discussion of the challenges the French have had to face." "
Clearly, the top U.S. command attempts to study the mistakes of the French occupation in Algeria to find a solution to the tragedies brought about by the presence of U.S. troops in Iraq. According to Garry Casimir expert: "The film can be seen as an experiment in cinema verite of what happens when a Western nation is self-evident even to the Muslim people. "Parallel with the clipping. (Which?)
October 20, 2003. The Battle of Algiers had a discrete distribution on cable channel Public Sénat French followed by a discussion with Saadi Yacef.
January 9, 2004. Film Release triumphant United States. After a special screening, two days earlier, in Bethesda (Washington DC) in the presence of Saadi Yacef, it is shown in New York, Los Angeles, Pasadena, Chicago, Washington and more than a dozen cities, and harvest more than 500 000 U.S. $ in revenue.
May 19, 2004. The Battle of Algiers spring finally in theaters in France, after an exhibition at the Festival de Cannes (Cannes Classics).
If the French public has seen little of The Battle of Algiers, boycotted for years, prohibited leaving very little broadcast TV (Public CinéCinéma and Senate in 2003 in France), the film has nonetheless inspired many filmmakers. It was one of the favorite films of Sam Peckinpah. It is also said that Stanley Kubrick would have watched to prepare for the final sequence of Full Metal Jacket. More recently, Gaspar Noe has included in his selection for The Curious Festival. And the film Bloody Sunday, the Irish drama, he has often been compared
... The Battle of Algiers in the history of the War of Algeria
September 30, 1956. Three Algerian women placed bombs in three symbolic places, including offices of Air France. This is the beginning of the Battle of Algiers. This episode
especially the war in Algeria is the will of the FLN movement to bring the struggle of rural to urban areas, to generate a greater resonance. The attacks of 30 September 1956 triggered an escalation of violence, in which bombs and killing become the everyday lives of people. Very many losses mount among civilians.
French side, General Massu [pattern Colonel Mathieu in the film by Gillo Pontecorvo] was instructed to use all necessary means to restore order in the city. He tries to fight terrorism ... by other acts of terrorism. Of FNL members were arrested and tortured until they speak - or not. Massu used the skydivers to break the general strike of 1957 and destroy the infrastructure of the FLN. But it showed how he could strike at the heart of French Algeria ...


Colonel Mathieu. He is the only professional actor in the film.
In the skin of Colonel Mathieu in The Battle of Algiers, Jean Martin, actor 1 meter 90 performer with great accuracy Colonel Mathieu, a character inspired in part by General Massu. Forty years later, he returns Turning on this difficult and emotional, episode from a stage career and busy film. Gillo Pontecorvo why did he appeal to you to interpret the role of Colonel Mathieu? At the time, he needed an actor not known too, because he wanted his film to be seen as a reenactment. However, seeing a celebrity on the screen, the viewer might think it was a fiction. He did not want either a non-professional - which is where the majority of actors in the film - because my character talks a lot. He says important things, especially to explain how France has come to torture. But when he told me I was going to start playing a role of colonel of paratroopers, I told him that was impossible. I just served in the army and the Liberation it had not rained at all! How did the filming? Pontecorvo refused any dramatization. Often, he catches me again until exhaustion. It did not help matters ... We also had long discussions. He wanted to be as clear as possible about the meaning of the scenes. He wanted to avoid at all costs we think it was biased. In my view, it is quite convoluted this pitfall: the film does not glorify the French nor the Algerians, and shows the victims of violence on both côtés.Quels were your dealings with the Algerians? When we were shooting crowd scenes like those events of 1960, they felt they no longer played, they relived the events. Remember that the shooting happened two years after independence. It was so intense that I sometimes feel that they would lay the camera down.


Helen & Chloe.


Posted by admin at 5:30 AM 0 comments

Sunday, May 4, 2008

Milena Velba Nadine Walking

The OAS (Secret Army Organization)

The OAS: Secret Army Organization

What role did the OAS during the war in Algeria?
I- Created:
1-Context, birth and ideologies :
On May 29, 1958, President René Coty called retired General Charles de Gaulle, following the insurgencies led by supporters Gaullists the maintenance of French Algeria (the country was then formed in 4 French departments). On June 4, 1958, de Gaulle delivered his famous speech in Algiers "I have understood you" 2. Two days later, June 6, De Gaulle cried "Long live French Algeria! "In Mostaganem, before a crowd that includes Europeans and musulmans.Le September 16, 1959, the shock is brutal for all French Muslims from Algeria and loyalists who wake up hearing the General de Gaulle speaking on self-determination. From these circumstances, Joseph Ortiz creates the FNF (French National Front), a movement activist. Many other small groups are born or reborn for rebelling against what they see as "Gaullist betrayal." On January 24, 1960, beginning barricades with the participation of many pieds-noirs from that date the rebellion Algerian conflict becomes a Franco-French. The OAS was born a year later by the fusion of different insurgent movements in Madrid Lagaillarde around Peter, who was involved in arms. Two personalities, strongly opposed the loss of Algeria, will indirectly inspired the founders of the OAS: Raoul Girardet and anthropologist Jacques Soustelle.
2- Members:
Leaders:
General Salan, aka Sun Arrested April 20, 1962 in Algiers and jailed until June 15, 1968
General Paul Gardy (Chief of Staff )
Colonel Godard (Deputy Chief of Staff)
Dr. Jean-Claude Perez (ORO = Organization - Information - Operation) Imprisoned from 1957 to 1965 (death sentence)
Captain Jean-Marie Curutchet (replaces Dr. Perez on 1/1/1962)
Colonel Jean Gardes (organizing rallies)
Jean-Jacques Susini Movement (political and propaganda)
Organization in Algeria: Oran :

1. General Edmond Jouhaud seconded by Commander William.

2. Dufour replaces Col. Gen. Edmond Jouhaud.

3. General Gardy: a directory with revolutionary 5 Members: · Sergeant Captain Peter · Christian • Jean-Marie Léger Curutchet · Denis Bailey • Jean-René Souêtre

Algiers :

1. Colonel Vaudrey

2. Pierre Delhomme responsible in El-Biar (Alger height)

Constantine:

1. Colonel Pierre Chateau-Jobert

2. Robert Martel aka "Chouan of Mitidja.

Organization frontièreOAS-off city:

1. General Vanuxem Paul (aka Verdun);

2. Captain Pierre Sergent: Chief of Staff

3. Organizing rallies: Lieutenant Daniel Godot

4. Political movement and propaganda: Jacques Chadeyron

5. Organization-Information-Operation: Captain Jean-Marie Curutchet

6. OAS Metropolitan Youth (OMJ): Lieutenant Nicolas Kayanakis (aka the Greek) and Jean Caunes France-Mission III: 1. Andre Canal (called the Monocle, arrested in Paris May 4, 1962).

OAS-Madrid: dissident group claiming the central leadership of the OAS.

1. Colonel Antoine Argoud, who will become deputy Georges Bidault.

2. Colonel Charles Lacheroy

3. Commander Peter Lagaillarde

II-The actions of the OAS:

The first victim of the OAS, January 25, 1961, is the liberal lawyer Peter Popie, president of the federation MRP Algiers. Before being shot, he had declared on television: "French Algeria is dead." Enforcement is committed by men of Andre Canal, which at that time had not yet officially joined Organization. The OAS is manifested in France and Algeria by multiple bombings and assassinations. At the end of September 1961, the authorities were more than 1000 terrorist attacks that left 15 dead and 144 wounded, engaging targets of the political union and pro-independence, liberals, and of course the official support of Gaulle. The attacks became more frequent around February 1962. Delta commandos (led by Lieutenant Roger Degueldre) are engaged in deadly wave of killings, and March 15, 1962 Operation Rock and Roll (120 explosions within hours) is triggered. Several murders are committed against six officials of a social education center, including Mouloud Feraoun, writer kabyle.À from 19 March 1962, when the cease-fire in Algeria, the FLN became a legal party, while weakened in this new context saw more and more the Force, the CRS and the Army coordinate their actions against her with the FLN, the OAS claimed to oppose by force the implementation of the Evian agreements and to discourage the French from Algeria to leave the country. Anticipating the outcome of the February 23, Salan capital prepares an instruction, instruction 29: "The irreversible is about to be committed." He developed a plan of insurrection. Participation European population seemed acquired in cities. He is using them as "valuable tool" that must be used as an army to open fire on the CRS and gendarmes. On 13 March, the OAS failed in his attempt to organize the insurrection in the neighborhood Bab El-Oued, an attempt that ended in a crackdown which claimed over 20 lives. March 26, the shooting of street Isly was another failure for the organization that wanted to organize a demonstration. The slogan of the Muslim is required when hunting for commandos Delta.Les OAS leaders are aware that the end is nigh for French Algeria. The organization seeks to prohibit the Europeans to flee Algeria, but they are still 100,000 people who leave in May. This massive population leaving Algeria, the OAS is deprived of its main support. For Susini, it is now to let the Algerians to Algeria. It adopts a scorched earth policy, which requires the destruction of economic and cultural country. On 7 June, the library of the University of Algiers and the mayor are under fire. The laboratories of the Faculty of Science at Algiers jump, PTT facilities are demolished, and the fire is put to the oil tanks in the ports of Algiers and Oran .. The activities of Delta commandos stopped June 17 1962, following an agreement signed between Jean-Jacques Susini, last chief of the OAS and Dr. Shawki Mostefaï representing the GPRA, just before the proclamation of the independence of Algeria (July 1962). This agreement allowed some members of the OAS to leave Algeria. Charles de Gaulle was the target of an attack organized by Bastien Thiry August 22. The presidential motorcade was attacked by three men armed with submachine guns, while transiting the Petit-Clamart. General de Gaulle, who survives, will benefit from the emotion caused by the attempt to propose the election of the president by universal suffrage.
III-Assessment and what was the feeling of the French population on the actions of the OAS?

OAS which has lost its main supports, that of the French population living in Algeria who fled to the hexagon, frightened by the magnitude of the tragic events organized by the two "fronts" and despite the threatening statements June 1961: "The OAS remember the last time that it is forbidden to any inhabitant of Algeria from leaving for vacation this summer, except for serious health reasons. The OAS will have a list of those who have borrowed of maritime or air and apartments of the "holiday" will be bombed after investigation. Those who believe they have valid reasons will expose them in a note to display prominently on their front door. "For the French population of Algeria and undoubtedly, there reigns a climate of insecurity and violence since, as stated in the newsletter published in July 1961, special sections of the OAS would have done on the Algerian territory, 380 terrorist attacks and several éxécutions.Les people not respecting the obligations set by the OAS are in danger of death at any time since "OAS strikes where it wants to" ... At this time of conflict (1961) it does no doubt that the public takes these threats very seriously in deciding to meet them. Thus despite some raproche to independence of Algeria, the OAS perseveres in these actions since January 24, 1962 establishes a directive that imposes a curfew on all days from 21 h in the centers of Algiers Oran and Bone, accompanied by more concrete actions that will reduce the mobility of law enforcement and therefore totally separated the population of legal authority (eg: January 29 is spread on the intersections of the waste oil and nails ...). These actions are intended to create an atmosphere of anxiety and panic ("the psychosis of the night") for residents and autorités.Ces operation called point multiply to cover certain professions such factors, drivers of trams ... All this in order to paralyze the country.The people are hugely affected whether at work or at eux.L the OAS began a policy that packaging and therefore for the people of injustice. However, the organization does not completely satisfy these actions (even if they have a strong impact for the most part) since it extends these operations into the metropolis we call OAS-metro. These operations always had to create a climate of terror, but this time in France. The newspaper Libération published numerous articles between 1961 and 1962 on the organization, for example, that of a girl disfigured in the attack against the office of A. Malraux (then Minister of Home Affairs) with the title "This is what the OAS has a child" ... We can feel the shock of people seeing the photo of this little girl, barely 8 years died. Finally, despite the many attacks, the official negotiations are ongoing and it appears clear that it will be impossible to prevent the signing of an agreement with the GPRA. March 19, 1962, when the cease fire, General Salan calls a resistance that will followed by a total strike called "Operation Dead Cities".

Conclusion:

OAS despite its many violent and peaceful actions and his willingness to keep Algeria French will fail to keep it. The Algeria will become independent and that organization will disappear after his failure with consequences as many people descèdées and injured and the indictment of its main leader and then several will be sentenced to death or life imprisonment, for example General Jouhaud and Dr. Perez.

Work done by Benjamin and Jeremy

Posted by admin at 10:56 AM 0 comments
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)